--- title: "LAMP Stack" source: "https://docs.nexcess.com/learn/lamp-stack/" description: "Covers Databases and PHP. Includes MariaDB vs MySQL: Which database solution is right for you?, LiteSpeed, Load Investigation Basics, Monitoring Linux systems with auditctl and Improving Website Speed with Apache mod_expires and browser caching. 116 articles." taxonomy: "lw_resource_category" articles: "116" --- # LAMP Stack Covers Databases and PHP. Includes MariaDB vs MySQL: Which database solution is right for you?, LiteSpeed, Load Investigation Basics, Monitoring Linux systems with auditctl and Improving Website Speed with Apache mod_expires and browser caching. 116 articles. ## Sections - [Databases](https://docs.nexcess.com/learn/lamp-stack/databases.md): Covers MSSQL, myLittleAdmin, MySQL and PHPMyAdmin. Includes Setup phpMyAdmin on Linux (AlmaLinux), MariaDB vs MySQL: Which database solution is right for you?, Accessing the website database in the Nexcess Client Portal, Nexcess: MySQL & IP Whitelisting for Remote Access and Backup Your MSSQL Database in Cloud Sites. 1… - [PHP](https://docs.nexcess.com/learn/lamp-stack/php.md): Includes How to update PHP versions in the Nexcess Cloud, Edit PHP files — .user.ini, nexinfo.php, and php.ini files, How to change PHP versions in SiteWorx, Change PHP Settings for WordPress in Cloud Sites and Overriding php.ini timeout values with your PHP script’s execution time limit. 28 articles. ## Articles - [MariaDB vs MySQL: Which database solution is right for you?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/database-management/mariadb-vs-mysql-why-we-prefer-mariadb-for-new-installations.md): MariaDB vs. MySQL — choosing MariaDB over MySQL improves performance, adds more features, hardens security, and future-proofs your database on a truly open sour… - [LiteSpeed](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/litespeed.md): LiteSpeed Web Server guide: Learn benefits, features, licensing, installation (cPanel/InterWorx), PHP config & management for faster sites. - [Load Investigation Basics](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/load-investigation-basics.md): Linux server load high? Diagnose CPU, memory & I/O bottlenecks (`top`/`iotop`). Fix PHP/MySQL, handle abuse & malware for better performance. - [Monitoring Linux systems with auditctl](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/monitoring-linux-systems-with-auditctl.md): Learn how to configure and use auditctl on Linux to monitor file changes, user actions, and enhance server security. - [Improving Website Speed with Apache mod_expires and browser caching](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/improving-website-speed-with-apache-mod_expires-and-browser-caching.md): Learn to use Apache's mod_expires on cPanel to set browser caching, boosting site speed and reducing server load. - [How to install Apache on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/how-to-install-apache-on-linux-almalinux.md): Knowing how to install Apache on Linux, particularly AlmaLinux, gives website owners the ability to manage their web hosting setup. Learn what is involved with… - [How to install LibreOffice on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-libreoffice-linux-almalinux.md): An install of LibreOffice on Linux (AlmaLinux) significantly enhances your document, presentation, and spreadsheet management features for day-to-day tasks at h… - [How to Install TensorFlow on CentOS](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-tensorflow-on-centos.md): In this tutorial, we are going to take a look at how to get started with TensorFlow on CentOS, covering multiple methods via different package managers. - [A Guide to Server CPU Performance: Cores, Threads, and Benchmarking with Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/cpu-performance-guide.md): Is your server slow? Learn how CPU cores, threads, and clock speed affect performance. Find out how to check, benchmark, and upgrade your CPU on Linux. - [How to Install INXI on Ubuntu 18.04](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-inxi-on-ubuntu-18-04.md): In this tutorial, we will cover the installation of INXI on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. It will also include some basic command-line usage of the INXI tool. - [Performing a Webmin setup on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/webmin-setup-on-linux-almalinux.md): Webmin setup on AlmaLinux can be done easily. This free, open-source system administration tool enables users to manage Linux systems through a web browser. - [Linux File Compression Algorithms](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/file-compression-algorithms.md): An overview of Linux file compression algorithms. Learn how tools like tar, gzip, zip, and bzip2 work to reduce file size and speed up data transfers. - [Restarting Services from the Command Line in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/restarting-services-from-the-command-line-in-linux.md): To address issues or apply configuration changes, it's often necessary to restart specific server services, like Apache, Exim, FTP, or DNS. This typically invol… - [How to Install Java on CentOS 7 (Java 8)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-java-on-centos.md): Learn how to install Java on CentOS 7 (Java 8). These instructions include updating the server, verifying the Java install, setting Java's home environment, as… - [Configuring an NTP server on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/ntp-server-on-linux-almalinux.md): With simple steps, you can learn how to configure a Chrony NTP server on Linux (AlmaLinux), allowing for synchronized system clocks vital for logs, security, an… - [NTP Server Configuration on Linux — CentOS and Ubuntu](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/ntp-server-configuration-linux-centos-and-ubuntu.md): Achieve accurate time synchronization on CentOS and Ubuntu servers with our detailed guide on NTP server installation and configuration for Linux. - [Dstat](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/dstat.md): Dstat: Real-time system monitor for CPU, mem, disk, net. Extends vmstat/iostat. Customizable stats, plugins, CSV output. Install & use. - [What is a File System Check (fsck)?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-system-check-fsck.md): Support may inform you of the need to fsck your server to perform a file system consistency check. - [Find Common Log Files on WHM / cPanel Servers](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/control-panel/whm/finding-common-log-files-on-whm-cpanel-servers.md): Find log file locations on WHM/cPanel servers. Covers Apache, Exim, MySQL & more to help you troubleshoot server errors and monitor activity. - [SuPHP on cPanel](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/control-panel/whm/cpanel/suphp-on-cpanel.md): Learn to install SuPHP on cPanel via EasyApache 4, manage file permissions, troubleshoot 500 errors using suphp_log, and set custom PHP options with .user.ini. - [Setting PHP memory_limit with EasyApache 4](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/control-panel/whm/php-management/setting-php-memory_limit-with-easyapache-4.md): When setting the PHP memory_limit in WHM, it applies only to the specific PHP version. With EasyApache 4, multiple PHP versions can run simultaneously, so you m… - [PHP Troubleshooting on cPanel](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/control-panel/whm/php-management/php-troubleshooting-on-cpanel.md): Common PHP errors and troubleshooting steps - [How to Request a Linux Server Migration](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/migrations/linux/request-a-migration.md): Learn how to request a free Linux server migration. This guide walks you through the Migration Center form in your portal.nexcess.com account, step-by-step. - [CentOS Linux 7 end of life migrations](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/migrations/linux/centos-7-eol.md): CentOS Linux 7 will reach its end of life (EOL) on June 30, 2024. Learn what you need to know and how to prepare ahead of time in anticipation of the CentOS 7 E… - [Linux Server Migrations](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/migrations/linux.md): Migrate your websites to a new Linux server. Learn about our managed migration service for cPanel, Plesk, and Interworx, or find DIY resources. - [Linux Memory Management: A Deep Dive into RAM](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/linux-memory-management.md): Master Linux memory management. Learn to use the free command to check RAM, available memory, cache, and swap to optimize server performance. - [Investigate high disk I/O on Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/investigate-high-disk-i-o-on-linux.md): Learn to identify and investigate high disk I/O on Linux servers using tools like iotop, iostat, and vmstat to diagnose and resolve performance bottlenecks. - [Troubleshoot disk space issues](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/troubleshoot-disk-space-issues.md): Linux disk full? Learn to find large files/dirs (`df`, `du`, `find`) & high inode usage. Guide covers cleanup for common paths & cPanel specifics. - [Swap Memory](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/swap-memory.md): Linux swap memory explained: Its role, benefits, & risks. Learn to check usage (`vmstat`, `sar`), manage swappiness, and add a swap file. - [Monitoring Disk I/O with iostat](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/server-optimization/monitoring-disk-i-o-with-iostat.md): iostat monitors server disk I/O and CPU. It helps identify storage bottlenecks using metrics like request size, queue depth, wait times, and device utilization. - [Zend OpCache for PHP](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/zend-opcache-for-php.md): Learn to boost PHP speed with Zend Opcache. - [What is a PHP handler?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/what-is-a-php-handler.md): For Liquid Web's managed Linux server users, PHP is integral to their LAMP stack for dynamic web pages. Different PHP handlers are explored in this article. - [Using mod_pagespeed with Apache](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/using-mod_pagespeed-with-apache.md): Learn to install, configure, and use the mod_pagespeed Apache module to automatically optimize your website, improving speed and user experience. - [Redirecting URLs Using htaccess](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/redirecting-urls-using-htaccess.md): Ease domain changes and maintain visitor clarity with URL redirects using .htaccess files in your web folder. Keep existing settings; consult a developer if nee… - [Optimize Apache for Performance and Resource Usage](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/performance/website-optimization/optimize-apache-for-performance-and-resource-usage.md): Maximize website speed! Learn how optimizing PHP/MySQL, modern Apache (Event MPM), and client-side caching boosts performance, resource limits, and when to upgr… - [ConfigServer Security & Firewall (CSF)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/security/firewall-management/configserver-security-firewall-csf.md): Harden your Linux server with CSF. Our guides show you how to install, configure, and manage this powerful firewall and security application. - [Forcing SSL Connections Using .htaccess](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/security/ssl/forcing-ssl-connections-using-htaccess.md): For a secure connection, use .htaccess rules to redirect insecure traffic from http://mysite.com to https://mysite.com, assuming you have an SSL installed. Fami… - [What Is an .htaccess File?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/security/what-is-an-htaccess-file.md): Apache servers use .htaccess files to configure websites without altering server settings. Apply distinct settings per directory via multiple .htaccess files, c… - [List Which Apache 2 Modules are Enabled on CentOS 7](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/how-to-list-which-apache-2-modules-are-enabled-on-centos-7.md): Need to know what Apache modules are installed on your CentOS 7 server? Utilize this one command to see which modules are enabled in your Apache 2 instance. - [Installing mod_brotli](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/installing-mod_brotli.md): Install & configure `mod_brotli` on Apache. Learn to enable Brotli compression, verify it, and manage its preference over Gzip for faster sites. - [How to Install Apache on CentOS 7](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7.md): Use httpd to install Apache on a single CentOS 7 node. You'll be installing Apache on a server that doesn't yet have a web or database server installed. - [How to Find & Fix Apache Scorecard Configurations](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/how-to-find-fix-apache-scorecard-configurations.md): Apache Scorecard helps optimize and secure servers via best practices for headers, SSL, performance, and version control. Test, fix, and recheck. - [How to configure Apache virtual hosts on AlmaLinux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/configure-apache-virtual-hosts-linux-almalinux.md): Learn how to configure Apache virtual hosts on AlmaLinux to run multiple websites on a single server, optimizing server resources for cost savings and streamlin… - [Apache Modules Explained](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/apache-modules-explained.md): Apache's modular design allows for the ability to only use resources on the features and functions you need. Use this article to determine the installed Apache… - [Add Users and Grant Root Privileges in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/adding-users-and-granting-root-privileges.md): This guide walks you through adding a new user on a Linux server, setting their password, and granting `sudo` privileges from the command line. - [Checking Your Linux Kernel Version](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/checking-your-linux-kernel-version.md): Different Linux versions often require updates, and some programs only run on newer ones. To check your kernel version, log into your server and use the command… - [Checking Server Load in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/checking-server-load-in-linux.md): A review of four ways to check server load on Linux servers and what the numbers mean. - [Change Your Linux Server Hostname](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/change-your-linux-server-hostname.md): Easily change your Linux server hostname via SSH — then update it in your Liquid Web account and DNS records. - [Getting Started with Your Linux Server](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/getting-started-with-your-linux-server.md): New to Linux? Get started with your Linux server. Learn basic commands for AlmaLinux/Ubuntu, how to run updates, and how to troubleshoot common errors. - [Getting Started with Cloud Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/getting-started-with-cloud-linux.md): CloudLinux is a control manager for your Linux server that allows you to partition, allocate, and limit server resources like memory, CPU, and connections on a… - [Getting Started with AlmaLinux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/getting-started-with-almalinux.md): CentOS is transitioning to CentOS Stream, prompting the emergence of AlmaLinux, a supported alternative. - [Generating a CSR in Linux CentOS 7](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/generate-csr-linux.md): Follow our step-by-step guide to generate a CSR in Linux CentOS 7 and secure your web traffic with SSL certificates. - [Using rsync for backups on Linux/Unix systems](https://docs.nexcess.com/sites-stores/server-administration/linux/file-management/using-rsync.md): Learn what `rsync` is and how to use it for fast, reliable backups on Linux. Our guide covers incremental file transfers for local and remote syncs. - [Managing Symbolic Links (Symlinks)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/symbolic-links-symlinks.md): Master the art of creating and removing symbolic links in Linux with our expert tutorial. - [Introduction to the vi Text Editor](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/introduction-to-the-vi-text-editor.md): vi/vim is a modal Unix text editor. Master Insert, Normal, and Overwrite modes to navigate, edit, save, and search files efficiently. - [File and Directory Management in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management.md): In Linux, nearly everything is treated as a file. Our collection of articles covers the essential commands for managing files and directories on your server. - [How to Install KVM on Ubuntu — Step-by-Step Guide](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-kvm-on-ubuntu-step-by-step-guide.md): Install KVM on Ubuntu 22.04. A step-by-step tutorial on KVM installation, network bridging, and using virt-install to create your first virtual machine. - [How to Install KVM on AlmaLinux — Step-by-Step Guide](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-kvm-on-linux-almalinux.md): Install KVM on AlmaLinux 8. A step-by-step tutorial on libvirt setup, network bridging, and using virt-install to create your first virtual machine. - [How to install Kubernetes on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-kubernetes-on-linux-almalinux.md): You can install Kubernetes on Linux (AlmaLinux) for simple but effective container orchestration. Together with Kubernetes cluster setup, the details are explai… - [How to install Google Cloud SDK on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-google-cloud-sdk-linux-almalinux.md): Install Google Cloud SDK on Linux — specifically AlmaLinux. By smoothly integrating these platforms, you can employ the power of Google Cloud services on AlmaLi… - [How to install GitLab with GUI on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-gitlab-gui-linux-almalinux.md): Installing the GitLab GUI on Linux — AlmaLinux specifically — lets you efficiently manage code repositories, collaborate with engineers, and organize developmen… - [How to install Elasticsearch on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-elasticsearch-on-linux-almalinux.md): Install Elasticsearch on AlmaLinux to enable powerful real-time search, data indexing, and analytics with easy setup and full management tools. - [How to install Azure CLI on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-azure-cli-linux-almalinux.md): Install Azure CLI on Linux (AlmaLinux) to manage and interact with Microsoft Azure services via a command line interface. You can integrate Azure CLI with AlmaL… - [How to Add a User and Grant Root Privileges on CentOS 6.5](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-add-a-user-and-grant-root-privileges-on-centos-6-5.md): Working from a CentOS 6.5 server as root, these instructions are intended specifically for adding a user on this operating system. - [Installing Memcached PHP Extension for CentOS and Fedora](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/installing-memcached-php-extension-for-centos-and-fedora.md): Installing the PHP Extension for Memcached is a simple process, this tutorial will show installation for CentOS and Fedora operating systems. The installation i… - [Installing Memcached on Ubuntu](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/installing-memcached-on-ubuntu.md): Install Memcached on Ubuntu 12.04+ to speed up dynamic sites by caching database content. Root access is required for setup. - [Installing memcached on CentOS 7 and Fedora](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/installing-memcached-on-centos-7-and-fedora.md): Install Memcached on CentOS or Fedora to boost dynamic web app speed by caching database content and reducing DB load. Root access required. - [Installing and configuring HAProxy on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/installing-and-configuring-haproxy-on-linux-almalinux.md): Let's review installing and configuring HAProxy on Linux (AlmaLinux). High Availability (HA) Proxy divides incoming web traffic among servers to optimize speed… - [Install Oracle Java 8 on Ubuntu 18.04](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-oracle-java-ubuntu-18-04.md): Installing Oracle's Java 8 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server has never been easy. Our tutorial teaches you how to install this program in a few steps and we'll also set… - [Install the OpenStack client on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-openstack-client-on-linux-almalinux.md): Installing and configuring the OpenStack client on AlmaLinux along with Python and PIP is crucial for reliable and efficient cloud infrastructure management. - [Install Memcached PHP Extension on Ubuntu](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-memcached-php-extension-on-ubuntu.md): Installing the PHP Extension for Memcached is a simple process, this tutorial will show installation for Ubuntu operating systems. The installation is done thro… - [How to Update Bash on CentOS 6 and CentOS 7](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-update-bash-on-centos-6-and-centos-7.md): Working from a CentOS 6 server and a CentOS 7 server as root, these instructions are intended specifically for updating Bash on those operating systems. - [How to Remove (Delete) a User on CentOS 6](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-remove-delete-a-user-on-centos-6.md): Working from CentOS 6 server as root, these instructions are intended specifically for removing a user on the operating system. - [How to install TypeScript on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/how-to-install-typescript-on-linux-almalinux.md): Along with its advantages and disadvantages, learn how to install TypeScript on AlmaLinux. Create a basic TypeScript file and compile it into JavaScript code. - [How to install Redis on Linux (AlmaLinux)](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/install-redis-on-linux-almalinux.md): Review how to install Redis on Linux (AlmaLinux) via two popular methods, secure Redis, and configure the data storage solution for the needs of your applicatio… - [Package management on Ubuntu](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/package-management-on-ubuntu.md): Learn Ubuntu/Debian package management. This guide covers `dpkg`, `apt`, & `aptitude` for installing, updating, & removing software. Use with care! - [Managing Virtual Machines with Virsh](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/managing-virtual-machines-with-virsh.md): Learn to manage Linux VMs with virsh. A guide to essential commands to start, stop, clone, and monitor virtual machines from the command line. - [Managing software with Yum and DNF](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/managing-software-with-yum-and-dnf.md): Learn to manage software on Red Hat systems with Yum & DNF. Covers repos, config, & essential commands like install, update, remove, & search. - [Managing snap packages on Ubuntu](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/managing-snap-packages-on-ubuntu.md): Learn to manage Snap packages on Ubuntu. Discover how to find, install, update, list, and remove these self-contained applications via `snap`. - [Managing Processes with the kill command](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/managing-processes-with-the-kill-command.md): The kill command helps manage server processes by sending signals. It's crucial for stopping unresponsive programs, but use caution to avoid disrupting critical… - [Linux Email Administration](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/linux-email-administration.md): Your complete guide to Linux server administration. Learn essential commands, user management, security best practices, and performance monitoring. - [Linux Backups and Restorations](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/linux-backups-and-restorations.md): Master Linux backups via the command line. Learn to secure data using tools like rsync, SCP, tar compression, and file permissions. - [Introduction to Vim](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/introduction-to-vim.md): Discover Vim, a powerful text editor. Learn about its modes (Normal, Insert, Visual, Command), installation, and tips for efficient editing. - [What is cURL?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/what-is-curl.md): cURL is a useful command-line tool that can load a webpage's content. - [What is a Cron?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/what-is-a-cron.md): Cron is a time-based job scheduling tool on Linux systems that can run periodically at fixed times, dates, and intervals. It is typically used to automate syste… - [Web server configuration — NGINX install on AlmaLinux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/web-server-configuration-nginx-install-on-almalinux.md): This NGINX install guide takes the reader through the web server installation process on AlmaLinux. Then, the optimal NGINX web server configuration and managem… - [View Cron Jobs](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/view-cron-jobs.md): This tutorial will take you through the commands to list, or display your configured Cron Jobs, both for root and for your users. - [Upgrading or Installing PHP on Ubuntu 22.04](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/upgrade-or-install-php-on-ubuntu.md): Upgrade PHP on Ubuntu 22.04 for better security & performance. This guide covers installation, Apache configuration, and managing PHP modules. - [Updating Your Linux Kernel](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/updating-your-linux-kernel.md): The kernel is the core of the Linux OS. You may need to update it for software compatibility or to patch security vulnerabilities in older versions. - [Understanding lsof](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/understanding-lsof.md): lsof lists open files, network connections, and processes. Essential for troubleshooting ports, finding resource hogs, and monitoring activity. - [Understanding and Using systemd](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/understanding-and-using-systemd.md): Modern Linux service management with `systemd`. Learn `systemctl` to start, stop, enable & check services. Intro to `journalctl` logs. - [Deleting Users in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/deleting-users-in-linux.md): If you've added multiple users to your Linux server, you might eventually need to delete users, too. You can delete users in two ways, from cPanel and from the… - [File Permissions](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/file-permissions.md): File permissions define access to files and folders on a server or website, or the ability to execute a file/script/etc. - [What Is Jailed Shell and How Can You Use It?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/what-is-jailed-shell.md): Jailed Shell restricts users to their directories for secure CLI access. Enable via cPanel, Plesk, InterWorx, or Linux command line. - [Editing Files with the Nano Text Editor](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/editing-files-with-the-nano-text-editor.md): Learn to install and use Nano, a user-friendly command-line text editor, with essential shortcuts like Ctrl-O to save and Ctrl-X to exit. - [Linux Server Administration](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux.md): Your complete guide to Linux server administration. Learn essential commands, user management, security best practices, and performance monitoring. - [Apache Web Server](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server.md): Our collection of articles provides technical guides for installing, configuring, and managing the Apache web server on Linux operating systems. - [What is EasyApache 4?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/what-is-easyapache-4.md): EasyApache 4 enhances cPanel and WHM's Apache and PHP management with RPM packaging, faster updates, multi-PHP support, and improved path organization. - [Using HTTP/2 in Apache on cPanel](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/control-panel/whm/cpanel/using-http-2-in-apache-on-cpanel.md): Learn how to enable HTTP/2 on your cPanel server for faster website performance. This guide covers benefits, considerations, and step-by-step instructions. - [Using Apache’s mod_remoteip to log visitor true IP addresses](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/using-apaches-mod_remoteip-to-log-visitor-true-ip-addresses.md): Log true visitor IPs on cPanel with `mod_remoteip`. Install via EasyApache 4, then configure `X-Forwarded-For` & trusted proxies for accurate logs. - [Common Linux Error Logs](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/common-linux-error-logs.md): Troubleshoot server issues. This guide lists common Linux error log locations for syslog, Apache, Nginx, MySQL, and more to help debug problems. - [Use Tar, Gzip & Zip in Linux](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/file-management/use-tar-gzip-zip-in-linux.md): Learn how to decompress `.gz` and `.tar.gz` files in Linux. Our guide also covers the key differences between `TAR`, `GZ`, `TGZ`, and `ZIP` file formats. - [Allowing and Denying Website Access Using .htaccess](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/allowing-and-denying-website-access-using-htaccess.md): Control website access with htaccess rules. Block or allow specific IP addresses, perfect for selective page restrictions on an open site. - [Installing mod_reqtimeout](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/installing-mod-reqtimeout.md): Defend Apache vs Slowloris with `mod_reqtimeout`. Guide: install on EA3/EA4 & set `RequestReadTimeout` for header/body to drop slow attacks. - [mod_lsapi](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/apache-web-server/mod_lsapi.md): Boost Apache PHP speed with `mod_lsapi` on EasyApache 4. LiteSpeed's handler offers faster performance & lower memory use, even without LiteSpeed Web Server. - [What Is the LAMP Stack?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/what-is-the-lamp-stack.md): New to web hosting? 'LAMP stack' combines Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP for hosting. Learn about each component here. - [Zstd](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/zstd.md): Discover Zstandard (zstd): a fast gzip replacement for better compression & speed. Learn to install on CentOS (EPEL) & use equivalent commands. - [Understanding Ioncube loader](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/understanding-ioncube-loader.md): Learn what Ioncube Loader is, how applications like WHMCS use it, and why matching the correct Loader version with your server's PHP version is crucial. - [Using journald and journalctl for log management on CentOS 7](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/using-journald-and-journalctl-for-log-management-on-centos-7.md): Use `journalctl` for `journald` logs on CentOS 7. Guide covers viewing, filtering, persistent storage, disk cleanup & rsyslog fixes. - [Using the Netstat command](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/using-the-netstat-command.md): Learn to use the netstat command to view network connections, troubleshoot services, and check listening ports on your server. - [What Is an inode?](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/what-is-an-inode.md): In Linux, an inode describes a filesystem object like a file or directory, storing attributes and data location. It's akin to a library card, specifying the fil… - [Installing Python 3](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/installing-python-3.md): Python 3 on Linux: Install via apt/dnf. *Crucial: Don't break system Python!* Use pip with virtual environments for safe package mgmt. - [Granting sudo Permissions](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/granting-sudo-permissions.md): Linux offers a robust permissions system for controlling file and server access. Users can elevate permissions using the sudo command. - [Change Time Zones on CentOS](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/changing-time-zones-on-centos.md): Learn to set the correct time zone on CentOS 4/5/6 & 7. Use `ln -s` or `timedatectl`, restart services, & address PHP/NTP issues. - [Creating a Linux User](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/server-administration/linux/creating-a-linux-user.md): Learn how to create a Linux user outside cPanel via SSH for specific needs. *Use caution, as this bypasses cPanel's security & management.* - [Using mod_qos and mod_reqtimeout to mitigate Slowloris attacks](https://docs.nexcess.com/hosting/security/using-mod_qos-and-mod_reqtimeout-to-mitigate-slowloris-attacks.md): Protect your Apache server from Slowloris attacks. Learn how to install and configure mod_qos, set up connection limits, and integrate with CSF.